Direct Writing and Aligning of Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductor Crystals via "Dragging Mode" Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistor Arrays

Abstract

Patterning and aligning of organic small-molecule semiconductor crystals over large areas is an important issue for their commercialization and practical device applications. This Letter reports "dragging mode" electrohydrodynamic jet printing that can simultaneously achieve direct writing and aligning of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) crystals. Dragging mode provides favorable conditions for crystal growth with efficient controls over supply voltages and nozzle-to-substrate distances. Optimal printing speed produces millimeter-long TIPS-PEN crystals with unidirectional alignment along the printing direction. These crystals are highly crystalline with a uniform packing structure that favors lateral charge transport. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the optimally printed TIPS-PEN crystals exhibit high field-effect mobilities up to 1.65 cm(2)/(V-s). We also demonstrate the feasibility of controlling pattern shapes of the crystals as well as the fabrication of printed flexible OFET arrays.