Characteristics and emission factors of PCDD/Fs in various industrial wastes in South Korea
SCIE
SCOPUS
- Title
- Characteristics and emission factors of PCDD/Fs in various industrial wastes in South Korea
- Authors
- Jin, GZ; Lee, SJ; Park, H; Lee, JE; Shin, SK; Chang, YS
- Date Issued
- 2009-05
- Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- Abstract
- Since South Korea ratified Stockholm Convention in January 2007, there is an obligation to survey the national emission of PCDD/Fs through environmental routes other than the air for taking actions to reduce and/or eliminate the release of PCDD/Fs. In this study, PCDD/F-containing wastes from various industrial emission sources in Korea (n = 388) except from incinerators were investigated to elucidate the emission characteristics and their emission factors of PCDD/Fs in each industry. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in waste samples ranged ND-96200 ng I-TEQ kg(-1) (or 66600 ng WHO-TEQ kg(-1)) for solid phase samples and ND-11100 pg I-TEQ L-1 (or 6800 ng WHO-TEQ L) for liquid samples, respectively. Elevated levels of PCDD/F concentrations and emission factors were found in the wastes from productions of Cu, Al, Zn, Iron/steel, Pb, EDC/VCM/PVC and from waste landfill sites. The wastes from productions of cement (kilns) and acetylene (carbide method) showed elevated levels of PCDD/F emission factors only. The dominant congeners were OCDD, OCDF, I,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and 1,2,3,4,5,7,8-HpCDD. The PCDF ratios in samples from thermal processes and solid phase samples were 69% and 70%, respectively. The ratio of OCDD congener (about 23.5%) was higher than that of other congeners in both solid and liquid phase wastes. These results can be used as a useful reference for the establishment of the PCDD/F inventory and their management plans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Keywords
- PCDD/Fs; Industrial wastes; Inventory; Emission factor; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO SYNTHESIS; MSW INCINERATION; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS; PCBS; BED
- URI
- https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/28633
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.070
- ISSN
- 0045-6535
- Article Type
- Article
- Citation
- CHEMOSPHERE, vol. 75, no. 9, page. 1226 - 1231, 2009-05
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