Unveiling the distorted irradiation effect (Shade) in photovoltaic (PV) power conversion – A critical review on Causes, Types, and its minimization methods

Abstract

The rising trend of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has resulted in a substantial upsurge in the production of power that is clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. To optimize the efficiency and longevity of PV systems, it is imperative to comprehend the causes and impacts of distorted irradiation, as it serves as a primary factor contributing to the partial shade effect in photovoltaic power conversion. This article offers an in-depth analysis of shading on photovoltaic modules, categorizing it as either temporary or permanent. The study also evaluates various mitigation techniques to address efficiency losses resulting from shading. Temporary shading can be mitigated by implementing cleaning and dust-repelling techniques for PV modules, while permanent shading can be reduced through PV reconfiguration techniques. This article critically reviews the most common and recent shading mitigation techniques, including PV panel cleaning and array reconfiguration techniques, and provides an economic analysis of these methods. Moreover, the paper offers useful recommendations for deploying appropriate PV cleaning techniques in different countries, based on their climatic conditions. The study suggests optimal shading mitigation techniques and cleaning cycles for different climatic regions. In a nutshell, this investigation adds to an enhanced understanding of the effects of shade on PV systems and gives significant recommendations for future technological development and improvement. The proposed state-of-the-art study is useful for PV engineers to propose a suitable PV panel cleaning technique by accessing the background, nature, and type of shading. © 2023 International Solar Energy Society