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Separation and Reuse of Tetrmethylammonium Hydroxide in Semiconductor Wastewater by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

Title
Separation and Reuse of Tetrmethylammonium Hydroxide in Semiconductor Wastewater by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
Authors
주민욱
Date Issued
2022
Publisher
포항공과대학교
Abstract
Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide(TMAH)는 반도체 산업에서 사용되는 핵심 화합물 중 하나이다. 폐수에서 농도가 약1 wt%인 TMAH의 독성은 생물학적 처리 공정의 효율 저하를 초래할 수 있다. 또한 TMAH 폐수의 불순물은 매우 낮은 농도의 포토레지스트(PR) 화합물이 지배적이며 이는 유기물로 수산화라디칼과 반응성이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. TMAH는 수중에서 이온화 되어있으며 수산화라디칼과 반응성이 낮은 것에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 반도체 폐수에 존재하는TMAH의 분리, 농축 및 재사용을 위하여 고도 산화 공정(AOP)을 결합한 전기 투석(ED)을 적용하였다. 바이폴라 막 – 양이온 교환막(BP-C) 구성의 ED 공정은 1단계 멀티 배치 모드와 2단계 내부 반송 모드를 결합하여 TMAH 농도를 0.75%에서 15.6%로 성공적으로 농축할 수 있었다. 총 작동 시간은 3시간이었고 1 L 농축수를 생산하는 데 2.214kWh의 에너지가 필요하였다. 반도체 공정의 실제 폐수로 운전 시 작동 시간은 4시간이었고 1 L의 15.85% 농축수를 생산하는데 2.241 kWh의 에너지가 필요했다. 결과적으로 실제 폐수에서의 에너지 소비량과 운전 시간은 인공 폐수보다 약간 높지만, 1차 멀티 배치 + 2단계 내부 반송 방식의 Lab-scale ED 공정은 실제 폐수에도 잘 적용되어 산업적 적용 가능성을 보여주었다. 또한, UV/H2O2에서 생성된 수산화라디칼은 저농도 TMAH(0.75%) 조건에서만 PR 화합물을 성공적으로 제거하였다. ED를 운전함에 따라 PR 화합물이 농축되어 농도가 증가하였으나, 주입 H2O2 농도가 높을수록 PR 화합물의 농도가 증가하는 경향은 감소하였다. 자외선 유무에 따라 ED 운전 60분 후에 PR 화합물의 농축비는 2 mM H2O2에서 4.25 → 3.87, 10 mM H2O2에서 5.34 → 2.34로 각각 감소하였다. 결론적으로, ED + UV/H2O2공정을 통해 반도체 폐수 내에 존재하는 TMAH를 농축할 뿐만 아니라, 불순물로 존재하는 PR을 고도산화처리공정을 통해 선택적으로 제거하여 농축 TMAH의 순도를 높여 재사용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.
Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is one of the core chemical compounds used in the semiconductor industry. The toxicity of TMAH with concentration ~ 1 wt % in wastewater could result in a failure of biological treatment processes. In addition, the impurities in TMAH wastewater are dominantly photoresist (PR) compounds with far lower concentrations. PR compounds are organic materials and are known to have high reactivity with hydroxyl radicals. TMAH is ionized in water and has low reactivity with hydroxyl radicals. In this regard, we investigated electrodialysis (ED) combined with advanced oxidation process (AOP) was applied for separation, enrichment and reuse of TMAH from the wastewater. The ED process with the bipolar membrane-cation exchange membrane (BP-C) configuration could successfully elevate the TMAH concentration from 0.75% to 15.6% under 1st stage double batch mode combined with 2nd stage internal recycling mode. The total operation duration was 2.5 hours and 1.925 kWh of energy was required to produce 1 L of brine water. For a wastewater from the semiconductor process, 4 hours and 2.241 kWh of energy were demanded to produce 1 L of 15.85% brine water. As a result, the energy consumption and operation time in actual wastewater were slightly higher than those of artificial wastewater, but the Lab-scale ED process of the 1st stage double batch + 2nd stage internal recycling mode showed the possibility to apply industries. In addition, the hydroxyl radical generated in UV/H2O2 successfully removed the PR compound only under low concentration TMAH (0.75%) conditions. As the ED was operated, the concentration of the PR compound was increased, but the tendency to increase the concentration of the PR compound decreased as the concentration of injected H2O2 increased. After 60 minutes of ED operation, the concentration ratio of the PR compound decreased to 4.25 → 3.87 in 2 mM H2O2 and 5.34 → 2.34 in 10 mM H2O2, respectively, depending on the with or without of UV light. In conclusion, it was possible to not only concentrate TMAH present in semiconductor wastewater through ED + UV/H2O2 process, but also to selectively remove PR present as impurities through advanced oxidation process to increase the purity of concentrated TMAH and confirm the possibility of reuse.
URI
http://postech.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000597889
https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/112338
Article Type
Thesis
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