Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low‐Dimensional Light‐Emitting Materials

Abstract

Low-dimensional light-emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low-dimensional light-emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity-emitter interactions as well as various integration methods have been investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light-matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low-dimensional emitters. In this review, we first provide the fundamentals and strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators. Then, commonly used low-dimensional light-emitting materials such as zero-dimensional emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and two-dimensional emitters (transition-metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. We explain the integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them in the following chapters. Finally, we provide a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity-emitter integrated systems.